Wayne State University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Wayne State University is a public university with an acceptance rate of 71%. One of Michigans 15 public universities, Wayne State is located in the Midtown Cultural Center of Detroit, Michigan. High-achieving undergraduates might consider the Reid Honors College which offers smaller classes, early registration, and opportunities for undergraduate research. Wayne States strengths in the liberal arts and sciences have earned the school a chapter of the prestigious Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. Wayne State also offers an extensive graduate program including schools of law, medicine, nursing, and social work.  The university competes in the NCAA Division II Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) for all sports except fencing, in which it competes in the Midwest Fencing Conference (MFC). Considering applying to Wayne State University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Wayne State University had an acceptance rate of 71%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 71 students were admitted, making Wayne States admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 16,210 Percent Admitted 71% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 26% SAT Scores and Requirements Wayne State University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 89% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 510 610 Math 500 600 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Wayne States admitted students fall within the  top 35% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Wayne State scored between 510 and 610, while 25% scored below 510 and 25% scored above 610. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 500 and 600, while 25% scored below 500 and 25% scored above 600. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1210 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Wayne State University. Requirements WSU does not require the optional SAT essay section. Note that Wayne State does not superscore SAT results; your highest composite SAT score from a single test date will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements Wayne State University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 24% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 20 27 Math 19 26 Composite 21 27 This admissions data tells us that most of Wayne States admitted students fall within the  top 42% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Wayne State received a composite ACT score between 21 and 27, while 25% scored above 27 and 25% scored below 21. Requirements Note that Wayne State University does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. WSU does not require the optional ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Wayne State Universitys incoming freshmen class was 3.37, and 47% of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.5 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants have primarily B grades. Admissions Chances Wayne State University, which accepts nearly three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average range, you have a strong chance of being accepted. All applicants with a minimum high school GPA of 3.65, a minimum ACT of 26, or a minimum SAT of 1240 will be automatically considered for the Reid Honors College. Note that applicants to music, theater, or dance are required to participate in an audition or an interview. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. If You Like Wayne State University, You May Also Like These Schools University of MichiganUniversity of ToledoOhio State UniversityHoward UniversityUniversity of Michigan - DearbornBowling Green State UniversityMichigan State University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Wayne State University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Essay on Shintoism and Buddhism - 1210 Words

Shintoism and Buddhism The Japanese religions, including Shintosim and Buddhism, are rich and complex, and it contains many condradictory trends which may puzzle a Westerner. In the center of the tradition is Shinto, the natural religion of Japan. Also in the center is Buddhism, the Indian religion that was brought to Japan in the sixth century from Korea and China. Throughout the history of Japan, it has been these two religions that have contributed most to the Japanese understanding of themselves and their surroundings, and also to many important events. Shinto, meaning the way of the gods, is the indigenous faith of the Japanese people. It began around 2,500-3,000 years ago. It has thirteen sects, each with a†¦show more content†¦These shrines are usually simple buildings surrounded by trees. Here is an example of one: Before they would arrive at the shrines, the Shintoists would purify themselves by washing their hands and rinsing their mouth. They will bow twice deeply, clap their hands twice, bow once more and then, they would offer gifts, such as food, to the Kami. Then, they say a short prayer. The prayer usually urges the Kami to withhold bad weather. The people did not want bad weather, because it would destroy their crop. Shintoists also pray for good fortune and to avoid evil spirits, especially before a special event, such as the opening of a business, a test or exam in school, or something else that is important. They will then offer the Kami a choice offering if the crop is spared. But the Japanese do not fear the Kami. The Buddhist rituals are performed by Shinto priests, private people who can marry and have children. There are even female priests. The priests are supported by the Miko, young ladies in white kimonos. They must be unmarried, and are often the preists daughters. Also, in contrast to the Western religions, there are no absolutes, although there is a goddess, Amaterasu Omikami, the Sun goddess. An absolute is an object of worship that is always present, such as a God. But, a certain kind of weather is not an absolute, because the weather can change at any moment. Shinto is a very optimistic faith. It is thought by its followers that allShow MoreRelatedEssay on Shintoism: Strengths and Weaknesses1117 Words   |  5 PagesThe Japanese culture has been greatly influenced by its religions, and one of the most influential religions has been Shintoism. Shintoism has been dated back to 500BC, when the descendants of the sun goddess, Amaterasu-OmiKami, worshiped the gods and goddesses of Japan. Shinto means way of the gods and that represents what people who practice Shintoism believe in. Shintoism is a religion based on Japanese mythology, which is centered on a male god, Izanagi, and a female goddess, Izanami. 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Buddhism and Shintoism differ in one using shrines while the other has temples, the two both have religious ceremoniesRead MoreThe Cultural Aspects Of Culture995 Words   |  4 Pagesexamples of indigenous religions are Shintoism, which is native to Japan, Christianity which, originated in Rome and Islam, which is beli eved to be originated in Mecca. A couple examples of non-indigenous religion are Voodoo and New Age. Religions originate when people that live close get together share their belief systems and can distinguish right from wrong. When a religion is created the cultural rules get included in the religious rules. For example, in Buddhism, nuns have way more rules that have

Value Chain And Cost Accounting Of Hawker Siddeley †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Value Chain And Cost Accounting Of Hawker Siddeley. Answer: Introduction: Value chain is a concept which lies upon various activities which are used by the company to deliver the best quality product to its clients. Basically, value chain helps the organization to add the value in the products of the company. Through it, various aspects of the company such as marketing, production, provision etc are analyzed. This study is done to get the better balance between entire resources which are available and for satisfying the needs of the stakeholders. Basically, value chain unites in a proper framework and a management style that mainly focus over the worth; it motivates the team and individual to work properly, consideration over the culture and environment of the organization. Company profile: For this study, Hawker Siddeley has been taken into consideration. This company is mainly engaging into the manufacturing of aircrafts. This company has acquiesced various small firms and currently this is one of the biggest aircraft manufacturing companies. This company has been founded in 1934 as the name of Hawker Siddeley Aircraft Company. The main vision of the company is to be leader in international defence, Security Company and aerospace. Consequently, the main mission of the company is to enhance and safeguard the clients vital interest and also deliver the growth to the value of the shareholder. Managerial highlights of the company depict about the growth of the company and the various strategies which have been opted by the company to manage the value of the shareholder. Further, the main product of the company is aircraft and various services related to aircrafts. The staff function and the line function of the company depict about the various aspects of the production of the company (annual report, 2016). Line function of the company is concern about the advancement of the operations of the company and as well as staff function of the company is concern about the support and advisory functions. Value chain: Value chain is a model which is developed by Michal porter to manage the production of a company. In this model, business gets raw materials, which adds value of raw material through numerous procedures to produce a finished product and then the end product is sold to the customers. The overall goal of value chain is to deliver the maximum value of least possible cost and also help the company to make competitive advantages (Peters et al, 2011). In case of Hawker Siddeley, it has been found that the company is managing the value chain in a best manner; the process of value management starts from receiving the raw material and ends up by selling the end product to its customers. Through the analysis over the company, it has been observed that company has managed a good value chain to maximise the worth of resources and reduce the total cost of the company. Planning: Further, the process of value chain of Hawker Siddeley has been analyzed. Through the study over the company, it has been observed that the various business strategies shave been adopted by the company such as better working capital management, suppliers choice , market choice etc to manage the value chain of the company and maximise the worth of resources and reduce the total cost of the company (Miller and Mork, 2013). It has been found that the current ratio and the working capital have been managed by the company to manage the entire resources of the company and manage the performance of the company. the current scenario of the company depict about a great value chain of the company as various issues have been reduced from the operations of the company and the extra cost of the company has also been reduced by the company. Currently the gross margin of the company has been 18.46% and in last year, it was 18.65%. Further, it has also found that the brumby aircraft Australia and Jabiru Aircrafts are the business competitors of the company. It has been found that these two companies are also performing their operations in manufacturing the aircraft. It has been found that both the companies are giving the huge competition to the Hawker Siddeley (Miller and Jones, 2010). Further, it has been found that company is not required to threat from the potential rivalries. Due to the reason that huge amount is required by the companies to enter into this industry and start producing the aircrafts. Thus the company is not required to threat from the potential rivals. Lastly, it has been found that the company is required to collect information about various aspect and particulars to prepare and manage a better budgeting report. It has been found that for preparation of a better budget report of manufacturing budget, information about raw material units, their price, indirect labour, direct labour, employee benefits, manufacturing supervision, insurance, property tax, depreciation, factory rent, repairs and maintenance, small tolls etc is required. Further, it has been found that for preparing the selling budget, cost of sales of the product, various categories of the product, sales amount, distribution and administration expenses etc must be analyze (Centi, Quadrelli and Perathoner, 2013). Controlling: Further, the controlling process of the company has been analyzed and it has been found that the Hawker Siddeley is performing well in the market. In the process of planning, it has been analyzed that what are the aspects which must be taken into consideration while preparing the budget plans of manufacturing and selling. Than it has been found that it is required for the company to monitor the manufacturing and selling plans in a proper manner so that the best plan could be made and after implementing that plan, company can achieve the goal. For controlling over the manufacturing and selling plans, it is required for the company to analyze the feasibility of the plan firstly than company could implement that plan only. Further, it has been found that the manufacturing and selling department must review the differences among budgeted and actual expenditure. They must resolve the issues of variances and then it must be investigated by the managers that the budget is offering the surplus report or deficit report. Further it is also suggested to the company to manage and prepare the reports after analyzing every related aspect so that the best budgeting plans could be made and after implementing that budget, company could be achieved the goals and objectives in such a manner. In addition, the impact of balanced performance has been identified. It is a system of strategic management and planning which helps the organization to manage various aspects related to the company. Balance scoreboard is used by the manufacturing companies to identify the performance of various related aspects in such a manner that the company could achieve the goals and objectives. Through this report, it has been found that the balance scoreboard is required to manage by every manufacturing company to manage the performance of the related parties. For managing the financial perspective, balanced scoreboard address over the questions such as how the firm is viewed by the shareholders and which goals of the finance are needed according to the shareholders perspective in a company (Funk et al, 2010). The financial objectives of a manufacturing company depend over the stage of the company and the business life cycle. In addition, customer perspective depends over the type of customers, products and services expected by the customers from the company, the way company listens to the customers and make changes according to their feedback. How the company acquire and retail the new customers and the way through which company meets the requirements of the customer (Gereffi and Frederick, 2010). The main perspective of the customer is related to the market share, customer retention, acquisition of the customers, satisfaction level of the customers, profitability position of the customers etc. Further, the process and the learning and growth perspective of the company has been analyzed and it has been found that various aspects must be scored to analyze the growth, process and learning of the company (Baldwin and Venables, 2010). The main question is related to the skills of the company to learn, improve and make some innovation so that the objectives could be met. Further, the process and the learning and growth perspective must be focus over the calculative outcomes so that the company could go forward. Various aspect, such as the process of manufacturing, human capital, people issues, technology issues, information capital, organizational capital etc are analyzed in this perspective in Hawker Siddeley. Decision making: Lastly, the decision making process of the company has been analyzed and it has been found that the Hawker Siddeley is performing well in the market. In the process of decision making, company takes the decision about various aspects which are related to the various dilemma of the company. Than it has been found that it is required for the company to identify and analyze all thee related factor and then only the company must take the decision (Johnson, 2014). In this report and analysis over the company, it has been found that company had faced a dilemma to choose between the buying the raw material and manufacturing them into the companys plant itself. For this the buying price of the raw material has been analyzed and at the same time, it has also been identified that the how much cost would be occurred in the company if the raw material would be produced by the company. (amt in '000) Per unit Total Make Buy Make Buy Purchase price 40 40000 Direct Material 10 10000 Direct Labour 8 8000 Variable OH 9 9000 relevant Fixed OH 12 12000 Total Relevant cost 39 40 39000 40000 Difference in favour of buying 1 1000 Thus it could be said that company must buy make the product into the factory as the cost saving of AUD 1000000 will take place in that case (Fayard, Lee, Leitch and Kettinger, 2012). Further, it has been found that company had also faced a dilemma to choose between the diversifying the market or invest into the existing market. For this, various aspects have been analyzed by the managers of the company in terms of economy, information rate, FDI, competitors, feasibility etc and then a decision must be made by the manufacturing company. Through the chart, it could be said that it is better for the company to diversify its market into various other countries to manage the profit and enhance the worth of the stockholders. Summary: In this report, value chain concept has been analyzed. For this study, Hawker Siddeley has been taken into consideration. In the model of value chain, business gets raw materials, which adds value of raw material through numerous procedures to produce a finished product and then the end product is sold to the customers. The overall goal of value chain is to deliver the maximum value of least possible cost and also help the company to make competitive advantages. For preparing the report on the model of value chain, planning controlling and decision making points have been taken into consideration. Through this report, it has been found that the performance of the Hawker Siddeley is quite competitive and currently various new strategies have been adopted by the company to manage the performance of the company as well as enhance the value of the product and services of the company. Recommendation and conclusion: Thus through this report, it could be concluded that it is required for every company to manage and identify the various factors which could enhanced the value of the products and services of the company as well as the manufacturing company must take care the process from the process of value management starts from receiving the raw material and ends up by selling the end product to its customers. Through the analysis over the company, it has been observed that company has managed a good value chain to maximise the worth of resources and reduce the total cost of the company. Thus it could be concluded that the manufacturing companies could enhance their worth and value of stakeholders by looking over the value chain and manage it in a proper way. References: Annual Report, 2016. Hawker Siddeley, Australia. Retrieved from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1ved=0ahUKEwjQzsHPi5_WAhVDNo8KHRwkDWAQFgglMAAurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsolutions.vwdservices.com%2Fproducts%2Fdocuments%2F3c3cf709-6677-4e33-af9c-2fcbfea932ed%2F%3Fc%3Da4pwODgcZ%252Blejjlq%252Fj4p7S5%252FSosDoxx4BoWgjGyoo05b0ZJYtS520%252BtZ1RpXw5h7usg=AFQjCNG0FxG0KNUt5qOe9ut0JbBNSXN-4w available as on 11th Sept 2017. available as on 11th Sept 2017. Baldwin, R. and Venables, A.J., 2010. Relocating the value chain: off-shoring and agglomeration in the global economy. Centi, G., Quadrelli, E.A. and Perathoner, S., 2013. Catalysis for CO 2 conversion: a key technology for rapid introduction of renewable energy in the value chain of chemical industries. Energy Environmental Science, 6(6), pp.1711-1731. Fayard, D., Lee, L.S., Leitch, R.A. and Kettinger, W.J., 2012. Effect of internal cost management, information systems integration, and absorptive capacity on inter-organizational cost management in supply chains. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 37(3), pp.168-187. Funk, C.A., Arthurs, J.D., Trevio, L.J. and Joireman, J., 2010. Consumer animosity in the global value chain: The effect of international production shifts on willingness to purchase hybrid products. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(4), pp.639-651. Gereffi, G. and Frederick, S., 2010. The global apparel value chain, trade and the crisis: challenges and opportunities for developing countries. Gereffi, G. and Sturgeon, T., 2013. Global value chain-oriented industrial policy: the role of emerging economies. Global value chains in a changing world. Hollensen, S., 2015. Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Johnson, M. and Templar, S., 2011. The relationships between supply chain and firm performance: the development and testing of a unified proxy. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 41(2), pp.88-103. Johnson, P.F., 2014. Purchasing and supply management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Miller, C. and Jones, L., 2010. Agricultural value chain finance: Tools and lessons. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Practical Action Pub.. Miller, H.G. and Mork, P., 2013. From data to decisions: a value chain for big data. IT Professional, 15(1), pp.57-59. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015. Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Morningstar, 2017. Hawker Siddeley, Australia. Retrieved from https://financials.morningstar.com/income-statement/is.html?t=BA Peters, M., Khler, B., Kuckshinrichs, W., Leitner, W., Markewitz, P. and Mller, T.E., 2011. Chemical technologies for exploiting and recycling carbon dioxide into the value chain. ChemSusChem, 4(9), pp.1216-1240. Zengin, Y. and Ada, E., 2010. Cost management through product design: target costing approach. International Journal of production research, 48(19), pp.5593-5611.

Sin City A Blueprint Essay Example

Sin City: A Blueprint Essay There are several ways in which one can examine the blueprints of the Frank Miller’s Sin City. One can examine it using literary analysis, communication theories on media, and by looking at it through a personal vantage point. I will attempt to do all three.Before going through the analysis of the film, it is important to note the nature of its content. Violence is obviously prevalent in the film. Most of the scenes portray physical and sometimes, psychological violence. Violence in the film is not limited to certain instances but is scattered throughout the film. Therefore, it can be said that the film is by nature violent. This is an essential identification because the prevailing element of the film largely affects how it is analyzed.Because the definition of â€Å"violent† may differ from person to person, there is a need to define violence as it is used in this paper. Violence will be defined as the intended infliction of physical pain to any person, whether living or dead.As was mentioned above, the prevailing message of the film is violence. Violence in itself is bad. However, it may be justified depending on the intentions of the one inflicting it and the circumstances from which it arose. The film tried to justify violence in the sense of it being necessary for survival; if one does not inflict violence on others, then one will not survive in a world that is populated by violent people. In addition, the film also justifies violence by portraying it as necessary for avenging those who have been victimized by the violence of others. This was obvious in the case of Marv. He resorted to violence because he wanted to avenge Goldie’s death.The question now lies on whether the film’s justifications for violence really justify violence. I think not. Although the film has a plot (in contrast to other plot-less violent films) and the plot is viable enough, it has failed to justify the excessive amount of violent it portrayed. This in itself can be used as a criticism for the film because a movie has to be careful of the messages it portrays to the audience. The portrayal of unjustified violence can lead to negative repercussions.However, it should be taken into consideration that the film was adapted from a comic book. Aesthetically speaking, the movie’s adaptation of the comic book is commendable. The graphics are amazing and the film quality is stunning. The director really managed to capture the origins of the film by making it have that comic book quality. Despite its stunning graphics, though, the plot seems quite flimsy. It tends to be too dragging at times and as was mentioned above, there is no real justification for the excessive violence involved in it.In addition, following the cultivation theory of mass communication, it can be said that the movie, by its portrayal of massive violence, has the capability to create a â€Å"mean world syndrome† amongst those who watch it. This idea propag ates a view of the world in which everyone cannot be trusted and therefore the world is dangerous and â€Å"mean†. This view is not necessarily false but it feeds people’s paranoia and can cause them to believe that the reality they see in movies is really their reality. Depending on the amount of exposure they have to the film, their behavior could also be affected such that they too would act in the way the characters in the film act. I know I’m taking it to the extreme with this idea but it is still probable.When Tarantino was interviewed regarding the huge amount of violence contained in their film, he said that this only shows how much they are in touch with the darker side of life. It is true that some of the things portrayed in the film may happen but it is not really the reality of our world. In contrast to the film, perpetrators of explicit violence such as depicted there does not remain unpunished and they definitely do not emerge as winners. In additi on, many would argue against their logic to avenge violence by using violence. This only results in a downward cycle of events.Lastly, let us discuss my personal vantage point regarding the film. When I first heard the title of the film, it reminded of me of the video game Vice City where there are missions to be accomplished for the crime lord. Cars are stolen; people are run over and shot under the auspice of a mission. Without the benefit of seeing Sin City before, my observation from the scene selections on the screen is this movie would be about sex, drugs, crime, gangs, and much aggression with a Who Done It style. I was right. These were the main themes of the film and it was really like the video game Vice City. One is given license to commit crime with the justification that others are corrupt anyone so they deserve to be murdered, tortured, and what not. As I have already mentioned, this is a problematic ideology.In the end, I would like to focus on Hartigan’s chara cter, which was played by Bruce Willis. Hartigan was dealing with the act of crime against a young girl – Nancy Callahan age 11 who had been kidnapped. During his search for Nancy, Hartigan was dealing with a life threatening illness of his own and displays somewhat of a defeatist attitude and much aggression toward his partner Bob who is corrupt. Although Hartigan is against all the odds, he continues as if he needs to be a hero.It can be said that Hartigan is the noblest character in the movie because through the end, the stood by his principles and did not give in to the corruption that inflicted the rest of the characters in the movie. It is sad, however, that at the end of his life Hartigan dies a hero only in his mind. No one will really know the risks his took to save Nancys life.

Respond To Colleagues Post - Impact Of Unmet Expectations On Employee

Respond To Colleagues Post - Impact Of Unmet Expectations On Employee Respond To Colleagues Post Unmet employee expectations Unmet employee expectations Though Nate has clearly explained that the Tobie had some unmet expectations, I do not agree with him on the part of the realistic job preview. I do not think that there is any company out there that is capable of telling its potential employees about its negativities. Even if a company can paint a clear picture of its operations to its employees, it is not new for companies to exaggerate a little about their daily operations (Maden, 2013). The reason is that is such companies could be so frank with their potential employees, and then very few of them would accept the jobs given. It would be difficult for Walden sports to paint a clear picture of its operations to its potential employees. However, it is pertinent for various companies to come up with a forum for their employees to talk about their problems in and solving them. Walden sports is taking a good move in ensuring that they improve their job performance by listening t o issues that employees face and coming up with ways of solving them. I can, however, connect and understand the experiences of Tobbie and other employees in the organization since I also had such an experience. I once worked in an organization that where the picture painted during the interviews was quite different from the actual operations of the organization. The picture painted was that employees are encouraged to communicate freely with their seniors about any burning issue. However, working there was one of the most difficult days of my life. Socialization of new employees was not available and as a new employee, I had to find my way around. In addition, there was literally no one to talk to. Every time I approached a senior person to talk to, they could refer me to another person and the cycle continues until I gave up. ReferenceMaden, C. (2013). Understanding employees responses to unmet career expectations. Academy of Management Proceedings .

Turning an Idea Into a Novel

Turning an Idea Into a Novel The Lightbulb Moment: Turning an Idea Into a Novel M.T. Ellis is a Brisbane-based crime thriller author. She has just published her debut novel, Azrael,  which was inspired by a nightmare she had in 2014. In this article, M.T. talks about the so-called â€Å"lightbulb† moment - the moment an author strikes plot-gold. Writers, she explains, can have many lightbulb moments. They don’t each turn into full-fledged novels, but that doesn’t mean they belong in the recycle bin. M.T. is currently writing the second novel in her Detective Allira Rose series. Turning a nightmare into a novelPutting my ducks in a row Being an aspiring author is hard when you’re still searching for the right idea. That being said, when they all start coming to you, things can get challenging again. To keep myself organized and to make sure that I can fill in plot holes and gaps, I add a comment bubble at the start of each scene I write, with a sentence or two describing the scene and the character’s point-of-view. That way I can scroll through all the comments I’ve left for myself and get an overview of what scenes need to go where. Writing is hard when you’re looking for the right idea. When you find it, it's still challenging. Getting out of my own way After writing about 20,000 words, I was forced to abandon my manuscript for about eighteen months because I became busy with my day job. During this time, I occasionally wrote notes but it wasn't until that project finished that I was able to write the rest of the manuscript, which took about six months.During those six months, there were times when I couldn’t even look at the manuscript because I had developed such a fear of failure and a loss of confidence in the story. Conflictingly, I had also developed a fear of the book actually doing well and the potential of the ensuing attention. It was a strange struggle, which I eventually got over with the encouragement (and nagging!) of my family and friends.Turning to professionals After I wrote the first draft of Azrael, I took the first 20 pages and the synopsis to the 20 Pages in 20 Minutes session at the Brisbane Writers Festival where I was able to sit down with award-winning author Midge Raymond, and discuss the manuscript. Midge pointed out that my novel’s antagonist was too overbearing and unlikable. So for my first big rewrite, I incorporated parts of the antagonist's past into the story so that readers would be able to understand why he came to be a â€Å"villain.†Once my next draft of Azrael was ready for an edit, I turned to Reedsy and hired Allister Thompson for a structural edit and a copy edit. Allister was great; he pointed out the strengths and weaknesses of the manuscript and went through the text with a fine-toothed comb, offering suggestions on how to make the story more psychologically sound and more enticing to the reader.Tom Vowler was the final editor I used to complete my manuscript. I found him via Reedsy as well and he d id a thorough proofread of the manuscript. Tom taught me a lot: I was able to address the spelling and grammar mistakes I was constantly making while learning how to keep my writing consistent throughout the novel.My advice to fellow authorsWhat to do with all of those â€Å"dead-end† ideas? In short, keep them. Write them down and save them - all of them. While writing Azrael, when I thought of ideas that didn't quite fit, I’d put them in a folder called â€Å"Book 2.† Now that I have started writing the second book of my thriller series, some of the work will already be done because I’ve acquired a wealth of inspiration from unused scenes in the first novel. Don't see unused ideas as a waste of time - they may serve a purpose down the road. So don't see unused ideas as a waste of time because even if you feel like they don’t go anywhere in the moment, they may serve a purpose further down the road.Azrael is available in paperback and on Amazon Kindle!  For more information, visit M.T's website!Please  share your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for M.T, in the comments below!

Honda Accord or Chevrolet Tahoe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Honda Accord or Chevrolet Tahoe - Essay Example The 2009 Chevrolet Tahoe is, however, a more rugged machine with both looks as well as fuel efficiency. It is a true SUV and can take both the city as well as country roads with aplomb. It comes in a lot of variants and a hybrid model is a dream machine which can shift from gasoline to electricity without any appreciable difference in performance. The long experience of the ‘General Motors’ company and the intense passion with which it builds its cars shows in this model. It is equipped with a plethora of safety features for the driver as well as co-passengers with easy access to controls which incorporate the latest developments in technology. It ranks at No. 1 as the most affordable of the SUVs. It has plenty of seating, foul-weather and off-road capability and towing capability as well. The Vortec engine is a powerful heart for the machine and comes in variants ranging from 4.8 to 6.2l. The exterior is aerodynamically designed and the style and finish are excellent. T he manufacturers claim that it shows exemplary performance in summers as well as winter. It has been rated as the best value for money car in the modern SUV section. However, despite good after sales service offered by the company, it is no secret that ‘General Motors’ is on the verge of bankruptcy in this era of recession and one can expect setbacks in the future. The course of action to be taken depends upon one’s financial situation, requirements and the safety factors a person needs in this era of heavy traffic on the roads.

Cost Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cost Scenario - Essay Example A feasibility study has to be conducted so that the management can take a decision as to accept or reject an order. Consultants Judy Capko and Rebecca Anwar suggested in an article for American Medical News. It will provide the objective information to evaluate existing services and strengths. An understanding of the competition and marketplace indicators that affect the business is possible. This is the best way to grasp the impact of future decisions which can be considered. The feasibility study will help to accurately anticipate what will and will not work in varied situations. The company will be able to determine what resources are essential to complete varied There are different alternatives which a company can choose from in order to solve its problem of whether or not to accept an order for a product which requires displacing another product from production. One alternative choice would be to hire someone who could take care of all the issues the company has. The company can hire someone who will discern whether the company will accept an order for a product which requires displacing another product from production. Another alternative action is to form a team that will find simple but efficient ways that can help in solving the company's problem. The team will develop an analysis that will choose between the ordered product and the products that might be displaced. The third alternative action for the company is to lessen its product offerings to give way to the new order. By lessening the product offering of the company, it will have lesser financial problems and lesser concerns but it can give the company lesser clients (Dallas Busi ness Journal, June 23, 2000). Risk analysis Quantitative risk analysis is a very useful instrument for considering risk, but it can only conduct risks that have been identified. There is always some confusion between the notion of identification and assessment. In many cases, managers and decision makers 3 presume that if quantitative risk analysis has been carried out then most possible risks have been addressed. They thus avoid engaging in a critical evaluation of the procedure. A good example of the lack of alertness of human factors within the risk assessment procedure caught up an organization that dealt with nuclear processing and subsequent storage of nuclear waste. The project concerned the design and development of an appropriate repository for the waste, which had a potential for high risk to society over a substantial timescale. Within the initial phase of the project development at the design and conceptual phase, quantitative risk analysis focused on the failure rate of technological issues. No provision was made for conducting risk assessment on the project team or any other people involved in the process, except in terms of technology. The risk for hiring someone to solve the problem is too much use of time. One person will have difficulty in providing solutions to a uni que problem. The risk for forming a team will be the differing views of each member of the team that might lead to inconsistent analysis of the problem.

Levels of Judiciary Essay Example for Free

Levels of Judiciary Essay The Judiciary body in India functions independently from the Executive and Legislative bodies in the country. The Judiciary plays a major role in the maintenance of law and order in India. There are various levels of Judiciary bodies that play a key role in ensuring smooth functioning of the judicial system in India. Levels of Judiciary As per decreasing order of importance, the different levels of Judiciary bodies that operate in India have been listed below. * The Supreme Court of India * The High Courts * The District Courts * Lok Adalats The Judiciary system followed in India is a replica of the British Legal System. Over the years, very few modifications have been made to the Indian judicial system. The Supreme Court The Supreme Court, the highest judicial system in India, came into existence on 28th January, 1950. The Chief Justice of India heads the Supreme Court. The maximum number of judges that the Supreme Court can have, apart from the Chief Justice, is 25. Some of the important roles and responsibilities of the Supreme Court of India include: * Protector of the Indian Constitution * Highest Court of Appeal The High Courts The High Courts exist in almost all the Indian states and Union Territories. Out of the 19 High Courts that function in India, the oldest one is the  Calcutta High Court. The High Court judges are elected by the President of India. The High Courts are authorised to handle all kinds of civil and criminal cases. The Supreme Court controls the activities of the High Courts in India. The District Courts District level, judicial matters are referred to the District Courts in India. Administrative and judicial affairs of the District Courts are taken care of by the state High Court. Tribunals Tribunals in India also have a critical judiciary role to play in India. Some of the important tribunals that operate in the country have been listed below. * Income Tax Appellate Tribunal * Intellectual Property Appellate Tribunal, Chennai * Appellate Tribunal for Electricity * Debts Recovery Tribunal II, Chennai * Debt Recovery Tribunal, Coimbatore * Central Administrative Tribunal * Railways Claims Tribunal * Debts Recovery Tribunal I, Chennai * Central Excise Service Tax Appellate Tribunal

The Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

'If you really want to know the truth, I felt sorry for the bastard.';(54) This is just one of the colorful lines that is often repeated in J.D. Salinger's The Catcher In The Rye. When the book was first released, it was considered highly controversial for its time. Many people tried to ban the reading of the book in schools. Although The Catcher In The Rye has very colorful dialogue, and deals with crude topics, it still sells over 200,000 copies annually. This is why.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden Caulfield is the main character in the story. The entire story is a reflection by Holden while he is staying in a mental hospital. His story begins at a private school, called Pencey. Holden has been recently kicked out of the school for lack of effort and for poor grades. Holden dislikes everybody at the school, mainly because they are ignorant and conceded. Christmas break is coming up and Holden has to wait until then to permanently leave the school. Then one night, Holden gets into a fight with his roommate. He gets so upset that he can't stand staying there anymore. In the middle of the night, Holden packs all of his belongings and heads for his hometown, New York.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rest of the story takes place in the city, where the reader starts to see Holden's bad habits. Holden needs a place to stay because he can't go home, yet. The reason for this is because his parents have not yet found out about their son's expulsion. So Holden decides to stay in a low-class hotel. While in the hotel, Holden decides to go down to the bar. He meets three older women and 'chews the fat'; with them for a while. They soon leave and Holden is now very lonely. On his way back up to his room, Holden meets a pimp and then buys a prostitute. Once the prostitute is in his room, Holden gets an odd feeling. The more he looks at the prostitute, the more depressed he becomes. So he tells her to leave. Soon, there is a knock on his door. It is the pimp and the prostitute. She said that Holden did not pay her enough money. Holden refuses to pay the money that the prostitute says he owes her, so the pimp roughs up Holden. It is now evident that Holden is sufferi ng extreme depression.

Alibr Essay

Belonging Essay: â€Å"Sometimes it is hard to balance belonging to a group with keeping one’s own individual identity. † How has your study of the prescribed test and two texts of your own choosing either supported or conflicted with this idea? An essential element of belonging is one’s identity as it provides an understanding of the group to which one belongs. However, it is often difficult to retain one’s individuality while belonging to a particular community.This difficulty is evident in Sara Gavron’s film â€Å"Brick Lane† and Shaun Tan’s â€Å"Stick Figures† (Tales From Outer Suburbia), where both composer’s highlight the loss of individuality as a result of group conformation. In contrast, William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"As You Like It† demonstrates the converse as it highlights that it is possible to balance belonging to group while keeping one’s unique identity. As a result, by comparing th e exploration of all three composers, a responder can enhance their understanding of the influences that affect one’s sense of belonging and identity.As one becomes part of a group an understanding of their own unique identity can often be enriched. This is evident in William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"As You like It† through Orlando, whose development of a sense of familial belonging empowers his own self-understanding. This is evident through the contrast between Orlando’s initial dejected state and final sense of status. This is evident through Orlando’s early despondence in the play in â€Å"in this world I fill up a place, which may be better supplied when I have made it empty. The impersonal tone associated with ‘a place’ alludes to Orlando’s own feeling of alienation and isolation as a result of a lack of connection with others. This is reinforced through the hollow connotations of ‘empty’ which accentuate Orl ando’s lack of understanding of himself. However, this is contrasted with the conclusion of the play, as Orlando develops his sense of familial belonging with his brother Oliver. This sense of empowerment is evident in â€Å"you have my consent† where Orlando’s dominance is evidence through his approval of his brother’s wishes.This emphasises his enhanced status and identity, solely a result of his sense of belonging. As a result it can be seen that it is Orlando’s belonging to a group that nourishes his sense of identity. Antithetically, when a responder considers Sara Gavron’s film â€Å"Brick Lane† the converse of Shakespeare’s exploration becomes prominent. This evident when considering the character of Karim, a London-born Pakistani man.As a result of Karim’s cultural and religious heritage, he experiences a sense of alienation from the wider community as evident in â€Å"Go home Paki! † The derogatory term o f ‘Paki’ compounded with the incensed tone created through the exclamation, Gavron demonstrates Karim’s social alienation. It is this isolation that yields his identity as evident in â€Å"this is my home. † The blunt nature of Karim’s statement highlights his resoluteness and confidence with his own unique multicultural self.Despite this, Karim’s identity begins to waver as he becomes part of a Muslim group that fights for understanding. This is evident through the contrast in costuming used by Gavron. Initially, she characterises Karim in a combination of western and Pakistani clothes, but as he joins the group, these western elements begin to disappear. This results in Karim conforming to the dress code of the other group members, implying the loss of his own unique identity as a result of his belonging.Hence, Gavron, unlike Shakespeare emphasises that one’s sense of identity can be lost through their connection with a group. In cer tain situations it is often difficult to retain a sense of unique identity while being part of a group. This is elucidated in Shaun Tan’s â€Å"Stick Figures† where the Stick Figures are shown to be alienated from their homeland due to industrialization. Tan emphasises that by belonging to this group of isolated individuals, a person can lose their sense of identity in â€Å"faceless clod. † The

Evolution and religion Essay

â€Å" Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind †, said Albert Einstein. This essay concentrates on evolution, religion, and creationism. In the first phase these are defined, and later their relationships and controversies are discussed. A conclusive statement is made a the end. Evolution The theory of evolution by natural selection was first put forth by Charles Darwin in his book, â€Å" on the origin of species†, in 1859. In 1930’s Darwinian natural selection was combined with Mendelian inheritance to form the modern evolutionary synthesis. With its enormous explanatory power, this theory provides a unifying answer to diversity of life on earth. Evolution is the change in a population’s inherited traits, from generation to generation. These traits are encoded as genes that are copied and passed on to offspring during reproduction. Mutations and other random changes in the genes can produce new or altered traits, resulting in difference between organisms. Evolution occurs when these different traits become more common or rare in a population. This happens through genetic drift and is based on the reproductive value of traits through natural selection. Under natural selection organisms with traits that help them to survive and reproduce tend to have more off springs. In doing so, they will pass more copies of inheritable beneficial traits on to the next generation. This leads to advantageous traits becoming more common in each generation, while disadvantageous traits become rarer. Over time, this process can result in varied adaptations to environmental conditions. As differences in populations accumulate, new species may evolve. All known species have descended from a single ancestral gene pool through this process of gradual divergence. According to theory of evolution, life on Earth started its journey over 3 billion years ago, when oxygenic photosynthesis emerged, which made development of aerobic cellular respiration possible around 2 billion years ago. In the last billion years, multi cellular plants and animals began to appear in oceans. The Cambrian explosion originated all major body plans of modern animals. About 450 million years ago ( mya) plants and fungi colonized the land, and were soon followed by anthropods and other animals. Amphibians first appeared around 300 mya, followed by reptiles and mammals around 200 mya, and birds around 100 mya. The human genus arose around 2 mya, while the earliest modern humans lived 200 thousand years ago. This theory states that all organisms on Earth have descended from a common ancestral gene pool. Evidence for this is inferred from traits shared between all living organisms. In Darwin’s days, this statement was based on visible observation of morphologic similarities. Today genetic science has proved this. For example, every living cell makes use of nucleic acids as its genetic material and uses the same 20 amino acids as the building blocks of proteins. The universality of these traits suggest common ancestry. The roots of evolution theory were laid by Charles Darwin in 1858. He could not propose any working mechanism for inheritance. This was provided by Mendel in 1865, who proved that distinct traits were inherited in a well defined and predictable manner.( Evolution ) Religion A religion is a set of beliefs and practices generally held by human community involving adherence to codified beliefs and rituals, and study of ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, mythology, personal faith and mystic experience. It is also described as a communal system for the coherence of belief focusing on a system of thought, unseen being, person, or object, that is considered to be supernatural, sacred, divine or of the highest truth. Moral codes, values, practices, institutions, traditions, rituals and scriptures are often associated with the core belief. Religion is also described as a â€Å" way of life †. There are number of models in which religions come into being and develop. Broadly these models fall into three categories: 1) Those which see religion as social construction 2) Those which see religion as progressing towards higher, objective truth 3) Those which see particular religion as absolute truth Creationism Creationism is the belief that humanity, life, the Earth, and the Universe were entirely created by a supernatural deity, God. His existence is presupposed. The term creationism is often used to describe the belief that creation occurred literally as described in the book ‘ Genesis’, for Christians and the Jews, and in ‘Qur’an’, for Muslims. In Christian context, many creationists adopt a literal interpretation of the Biblical narratives and say that Bible provides a factual account, given from the perspective of only one who was there to witness it at that time: God. Almost all churches teach that God created the Cosmos. Biblical creationism places knowledge of God central in pursuit of knowledge of anything, as everything comes from God. It says nothing about the mechanisms by which anything was created. No systematic or scientific inquiry was made into the validity of the text. Christian creationism id categorized into many types. These are : – Young Earth creationism. This is inclusive of modern geocentrism, Omphalos hypothesis, and creation science. – Old Earth creationism. This includes Gap creationism, Day-age creationism, and progressive creationism. Theistic creationism Neo-creationism, which includes intelligent design. While Christian and Islamic creationism are almost similar. Hindu creationism believes that all creatures including humans undergo repeated cycles of creation and destruction. The Hindu view of the cosmos is cyclic. ( Creationism ) Evolution and religion Religion is based on beliefs and science is based on proofs and evidences. The theory of evolution is backed by scientific proofs and is considered science beyond any doubt. The relationship between religion and science takes many forms as both are extremely broad. They employ different methods and address different questions. The scientific method adopts an objective approach to measure, calculate, and describe the natural, physical, material universe. Religious methods are more subjective, relying on notions about authority, intuition, belief in supernatural, individual experience and ‘reasoned’ observations about life or the universe, or a combination of all these. Science attempts to answer the ‘how’ and ‘ what’ of observable and verifiable phenomena, religion attempts to answer the ‘why’ question of values, morals, and spirituality. Both employ different methods to find answers to different questions. ( Relationship). A noteworthy dissimilarity between the two is that religion has been existing since ages, whereas science is too young. The earliest civilizations of human species have been worshipping a supernatural force, which was later named as ‘God ’ by Christianity and ‘ Allah’ by Islam. The two most popular religions of today’s world may be a few thousand years old only, but the concept of religion is as old as man himself. In opposition, the modern day science is hardly a few hundred years old. All the modern scientific theories and discoveries on which the world is thriving today, occurred after the renaissance era in Europe. There are two distinct views regarding relationship between religion and science. One known as ‘non-overlapping magisteria’, described by Stephen Jay Gould states that both deal with fundamentally separate aspects of human experience and so when each stays within its own domain, they can co-exist peacefully. The other view known as conflict thesis, which is not to the liking of historians but retains popular appeal, holds that science and religion inevitably compete for authority over the nature of reality. Here, religion has been gradually losing a war with science as scientific expressions become more powerful, acceptable and widespread. ( Relationship ) Evolution theory gives answers to various how life evolved and developed on this earth. Its domain is limited to explaining and proving the existence of a common genetic pool from which different species came into existence. On the other hand the combined domain of all the religions of this world is almost infinite. Answers to questions which science cannot answer are given by religion. The contents of theory of evolution are limited whereas that of all the religions combined are limitless. For example, evolution theory cannot give a satisfactory answer to the origins of universe or the starting point of life. It just assumes that there was a pool of genes from which all forms of life have descended. Religion explains that there exists a supernatural force, which is not seen by anyone and the existence of which can never be proved in a scientific way, which created the ‘ Big Bang’. Science assumes that this was the beginning of universe. Religion does have answers to questions which cannot be answered by any scientific theory. The theory of evolution has no clue about soul, which is globally accepted as a part of our body, while all religions of this world have clear answers to any question regarding soul. All scientific knowledge, if summed up, is like a small drop in an ocean of summed up knowledge offered by all religions on this world. If religion is based on assumptions, even science has assumptions at its base. Evolution is limited to various aspects of life on this planet. For any religion this is a very small chapter in a huge book. Religion not only touches the various aspects of how life developed, but numerous other topics also. As mentioned above, religion is a ‘ way of life’ and hence its perceptions are much broader than the evolution theory, touching the living and the non-living also. Conflicts between religion and evolution arise when religious fundamentalists refuse to accept the scientifically proved facts. This is true for Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States. They are simply not ready to deviate from the Biblical teachings that God is the creator of all things and He runs the show. They tend to miss one important point that Darwin has never touched the debate on ‘why’ evolution occurred. He has simply found answers to ‘how’ it happened. The authority of God, or for that matter teaching of any religion is never questioned by the theory of evolution. As a matter of fact, there are ample proofs available which convince us that the scientific community also accepts and favors the theory of a super natural power. Writes Lovgren Stefan in his article in National Geographic news, â€Å" Some of history’s greatest scientific minds, including Albert Einstein, were convinced that there is intelligent life behind the universe. Today many scientists say that there is no conflict between their faith and their work†. He further writes, â€Å" the scientific evidence for evolution is overwhelming. Yet, in 2001 Gallup poll, 45% of USA adults said that they believe evolution has played no role in shaping humans. Darwin never said anything about God. Many scientists and theologians maintain that it would be perfectly logical to think that a divine being used evaluation as a method to create the world†. The article further argues , â€Å" there is no way to explain religious faith scientifically. It is hard to envision a test that can tell the difference between the universe created by God, and the one that appeared without God. But why did the universe exist at all ? This is a question which religion is particularly good at answering†. The same article has a report by Ted Sargent, a nano-technology expert at the University of Toronto. â€Å" Even as science progresses in its reductionist fashion moving towards deeper, simpler and more elegant understanding of particles and forces, there will still remain a ‘ why’, at the end. Why are the rules the way they are ? This is where people will find God †. Stefan comments, â€Å" To many scientists, this discoveries may not be that different from religious revelations. Scientific advancements may even draw scientists closer to religion†. ( Lovgren Stefan ) Conversely, religious fundamentalists should also accept the fats which are proven beyond any doubt. This establishes a harmony between religion and evolution. Evolution and creationism The conflict between the believers in evolution theory and creationism is more fierce than that of evolution and religion. This is especially true in the USA where it has become a political controversy. It is a dispute about the origins of Earth, humanity, life, and the universe. The level of support for the evolution theory is overwhelming in the scientific community and the academia, while support for creation based alternatives where evolution does not take place is minimal among secular scientists. Creationists argue that scientific theories are incomplete, incorrect, and inherently flawed due to the infinite regression nature of questions of origins. They argue that if science can provide answers to ‘ what caused the Big Bang ?’ or ‘ what was the nature of first life form ?’ it is likely that answers themselves will be subject to similar kinds of regressive inquiry. They firmly believe that science cannot provide answers to such questions and that their religious discourse is much more complete and more reliable than the naturalistic description provided by science. While creationists point at the limitations of scientific investigations, they intend to point towards the existence of creator God. Skeptics criticize this as ‘God of the gaps argument’. They say that religious argumentation is reduced to a place holder for gaps in human knowledge. One more argument presented is that evolution is a theory and not a fact. This is a result of misconception about the technical meaning of ‘theory’. In common usage, ‘theory’ means hypothesis and unproven assumptions. In science it means ‘ a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena†. Exploring this issue, Stephen Jay Gould wrote, â€Å" Evolution is a theory. It is also a fact, and facts and theories are different things, not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing uncertainty. Facts are the world’s data. Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts. Facts do not go away when scientists debate rival theories to explain them. Einstein’s theory of gravitation replaced that of Newton’s but apples did not suspend themselves from mid –air. And humans evolved from ape-like ancestors whether they did so by Darwin’s proposed mechanism or by some other yet to be disclosed â€Å". Karl Propper gave a new dimension to the debate, by evolving the concept of ‘falsifiability’. He claimed that testable theories are scientific but those that are untestable are not. He declares, â€Å" I have come to a conclusion that Darwinism is not testable scientific theory but a metaphysical research program, a plausible framework for testable scientific theories†. Debate among some scientists and philosophers of science on the applicability of falsifiabilty have been offered by some scientists: Richard Dawkins and J.B.S. Haldane both pointed out that if fossil rabbits were found in the Precarribean era, a time before most similarly complex life forms had evolved â€Å" that would completely blow evolution out of water†. Creationists have criticized the scientific evidence used to support evolution as being based on faulty assumptions and unjustified jumping to conclusions. These include: – the fossil fuel record which has significant gaps that cast doubt on evolution – the emergence of new species which has not been observed directly – radiometric dating which is inaccurate due to an inappropriate reliance on assumption of uniformitarianism While creationists claim that the problems they point out represent significant ‘holes’ in evolutionary theory. Supporters of evolutionary theory respond by arguing that these gaps of knowledge do not cast doubt on the framework the theory of evolution provides, asserting that they indicate either areas where research needs to be directed or there is misunderstanding on the part of creationists. As a matter of fact scientists and subject experts of evolution, do not spend much time on refuting the charges of creationists. Many do not respond at all. They do not think it is worth it. After all, when they reply, creationists get the publicity. ( creation-evolution controversy ) Pope Benedict XVI , in a book titled â€Å" creation and evolution†, published on 11 April 2007, states that â€Å" The question is not to either make a decision for a creationism that fundamentally excludes science, or for an evolutionary theory that covers over its own gaps and does not want to see the questions that reach beyond the methodological possibilities of natural science. I find it important to underline that theory of evolution implies questions that must be to philosophy and which themselves lead beyond the realms of science. It is also true that the theory of evolution is not a complete, scientifically proven theory†. He believes that experiment in a controlled environment h as limitations, as, â€Å" We cannot have 10,000 generations into the laboratory†. He also does not endorse creationism or intelligent design. He defends ‘ theistic evolution’, a reconciliation between science and religion, already held by Catholics. He writes on evolution, as a ‘ process itself is rational despite the mistakes and confusion as it goes through a narrow corridor, choosing a few mutations and using low probability. This inevitably leads to a question that goes beyond science- where did this rationality come from ? † to which he answers that it comes from the ‘creative reason’ of God. ( creationism – evolution controversy) Third alternative The conflict and controversy over evolution and creationism can be resolved if a third alternative is adopted. If biology had followed Pasteur’s paradigm, instead of Darwin’s, and if the theory of cosmic ancestry was prevailing today, then the mechanical theory of nature would account for the evolutionary progress and the origin of life on Earth. There would be no need for supernatural intervention. Cosmic ancestry is fundamentally different from both Darwinism and prevailing western religions. Both hold that life arises and evolves from simpler beginnings. Darwinism explains this with material causes, western religions with supernatural causes. In Cosmic Ancestry life neither arises nor evolves to more highly organized forms from simpler beginnings. With material causes life can descend from prior life at least as highly evolved as itself. Thus in Cosmic Ancestry, life only descends. The fact is that neither science nor religion seem interested in adopting Cosmic Ancestry as an alternative. ( Evolution versus creationism) Conclusion The theory of evolution proves how life originated and developed on this Earth. It has a scientific base in all its claims. It is a result of careful analysis of data. All over the world it has been accepted as a ‘truly scientific explanation’ on evolution of life. It does not have to do anything with any supernatural power. Religious fundamentalists, specially Christian, have evolved a movement called ‘creationism’, which asserts that the theory of evolution tends to wipe off the Biblical teachings and the faith they have in God. Till today, the highest priest of Christianity, the Pope, is busy trying to find ‘holes’ in the theory of evolution, when the whole world has accepted this theory before 150 years. The paradox is that evolution has never touched upon the aspects of God. In fact, scientists also believe in God and accept His existence. There is no legitimate base for ‘creationism’, and it reflects the sense of adamancy among the Christian fundamentalists. Theory of Cosmic Ancestry can be adopted as an option. Works- cited page 1. Evolution, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 14 April 07, Retrieved on 15 April 07 from: < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution > 2. Creationism, wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 14 April 07, Retrieved on 15 April 07 from : < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creationism > 3. Relationship, Relationship between Religion and science, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 12 April 07, Retrieved on 15 April 07 from: < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science > 4. Lovgren Stefan, Evolution and religion can co-exist, scientists say, National Geographic News, 18 October 2004, Retrieved on 15 April 07, from: < http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/1018_041018_science_religion.html > 5. Creation-evolution controversy, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 13 April 07, Retrieved on 15 April 07 from: < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation-evolution_controversy > 6. Evolution versus creationism, Retrieved on 16 April 07 from: < http://www.panspermia.org/ mechansm.htm >

Looking At Human Growth And Development Social Work Essay Example

Looking At Human Growth And Development Social Work Essay Example Looking At Human Growth And Development Social Work Essay Looking At Human Growth And Development Social Work Essay As a societal attention worker I have frequently learned through test and mistake what works in the existent universe, establishing my pattern on common-sense and non on abstract theories. But I recognise my positions are frequently based on sentiment and bias instead than evidence-based, peer-reviewed cognition and as Beckett suggests, our ain theories and thoughts about why people are as they are and behave as they behave, are normally rather inconsistent and arbitrary, based on our ain experience and on our ain demands ( Beckett, 2002:8 ) . Human growing and development theory is concerned with understanding how people grow and change throughout their lives, from the critical early phases to old age, and hence is indispensable for informing societal work pattern. The theory can be applied to a assortment of countries within human life and behavior including societal, cultural, emotional and psychological, and besides, moral, rational, religious and biological point of views. In this assignment I will concentrate on the psychological and cultural significance of the phases of development in relation to a 12 twelvemonth old in surrogate attention. Jake, a double heritage British male, was taken into attention 4 old ages ago following him being removed from his female parent Maggie an African Caribbean female aged 32. Jake and Maggie lived in a 3rd floor, 2 sleeping room flat in an country where drug dealing and drug related offense is common topographic point. In Jake s sleeping room he had a plastic box for his apparels and mattress on the bare floor with a pail for a lavatory as Maggie would lock him in his room when she went out. Maggie had been utilizing drugs for many old ages and her old spouse ( Jake s male parent ) introduced her to heroin 5 old ages ago. She rapidly became addicted and the relationship broke down shortly afterwards. Jake s male parent has non had any contact or attempted to do contact since the interruption up. Jake and Maggie had been known to Social Services as Maggie was a victim of domestic force and spent 4 months in a adult females s safety. Jake has had a figure of placement dislocations and has been unable to organize any fond regards with any of the Foster carers. Jake would frequently stool around the house and his last placement broke-down because Jake defecated in the Foster carers bed so went on to smear their sleeping room walls. Jake displayed troubles in utilizing a knife and fork and would frequently acquire frustrated and either eat with a spoon or his custodies. Maggie had been diagnosed as enduring from a terrible depression, worsened by her drug dependence. It is thought that whilst Maggie was traveling through a depressive episode she would physically mistreat Jake. Jake was frequently left on his ain for long periods whilst Maggie would be out in hunt of drugs. When she returned home Jake was subjected to emotional maltreatment and was frequently blamed by Maggie for their state of affairs. Jake has been in the fosterage system for a figure of old ages and in that clip he has non formed any meaningful fond regards. Whilst in arrangement Jake disclosed events and ideas which alerted Foster carers to the fact that there may be some unsolved issues that need to be addressed before Jake can travel on with his ain growing and development. Jake would frequently return to drawing his hair and slaming his caput on the wall if he felt he had done something incorrect and was traveling to be blamed for it. For illustration, when he by chance interrupting a cup. Jake is being assessed by CAMHs as he has been exposing behavior that indicates there may be an implicit in depressive mental wellness job. Theories of human development have produced accounts about the beginnings of mental upset in the countries of psycho-analysis and kid psychological science, from the early expansive theories of Freud and Bowlby and farther developed by Klein and Ainsworth. Freud saw psychodynamic theory as a more enlightening theoretical account in associating past psychological events to present twenty-four hours symptoms. Freud believed behavior is non ruled by witting procedures but conflicting unconscious procedures, he saw a individual s psychological procedures affecting antagonizing forces viing in an intra psychic struggle , a construct shared by many theoreticians of human growing and development. In Freud s theoretical account a kid starts life with specific basic instinctual demands, such as for nutrient or sexual satisfaction. Internally, the Idaho continually seeks to run into these demands, while the self-importance mediates between the desires of the Idaho and the restraints of the external universe, peculiarly the demands of important and powerful grownups in the kid s life, such as his female parent and instructors. Harmonizing to Freud these grownup figures are finally internalised in the signifier of the superego, or grownup scruple s. The kid s self-importance efforts to negociate the viing demands placed upon him, developing his ain distinguishable personality and come oning to adulthood ( Freud, 1949 ) . Erikson s psychosocial phases of development have Freudian psychodynamic beginnings. The thought that unconscious procedures cause struggle within worlds is besides cardinal to Erikson s theory. His staged development theoretical account is based on the thought that these intra-psychic struggles occur throughout our lives and necessitate to be resolved satisfactorily if we are to avoid psychological hurt and mental unwellness ( Erikson, 1995 ) . Erikson s psychosocial theory of human development physiques on Freud s psychodynamic theoretical account, but while Erikson accepts thoughts, such as the unconscious, he rejects constructs of the personality which are described entirely in footings of gender. Again, like Freud, Erikson believed childhood was cardinal in the development of personality, but that the personality continued to develop beyond the age of five ( Erikson, 1995 ) . Erikson s psychosocial theoretical account describes eight phases from babyhood and maturity. At each phase a individual encounters new challenges. If they are non successful in run intoing these challenges, they may re-emerge as jobs in the hereafter. However, while each phase presents new challenges, they besides provide chances to cover with the unsolved issues. In Erikson s theoretical account there is no premise that one phase has to be to the full completed or that the most favorable result has to be achieved before traveling on. In fact, he acknowledges that it is likely that everyone will hold unresolved issues from old phases and there is a favourable ratio between favorable and unfavorable results ( Erikson, 1987 ) . However, the more unsolved issues carried frontward, will hinder successful progressionaˆÂ ¦an unfavorable result in one phase makes it more hard to run into to the full the challenge of the following phase ( Beckett, 2006:42 ) . Erikson s theoretical account proposes a first phase that involves set uping a sense of trust ( 0 1 yrs. ) . If partially or wholly unsuccessful at this phase, so it will be more hard to accomplish a sense of liberty at the following phase ( 1 3 year. ) , and so more hard still to develop a capacity for enterprise in the following phase ( 3 5 year ) . The following phase in Erikson s theoretical account ( 6 11 year ) involves set uping a sense of competency and accomplishment, assurance in one s ain ability to do and make things ( Beckett, 2006: 43 ) . It is hard to reason how successful Jake was able to negociate old phases, nevertheless it has been suggested that despite hardships some kids are able to develop moderately well-balanced personalities showing resiliency and normal development under hard fortunes ( Crawford A ; Walker, 2003: 48 ) . One of the failings of Freud s and Erikson s theories of human growing and development utilizing phases as the theoretical account, is the underlying premise that everyone s lives follow these peculiar linear lines, and that we all, more or less, achieve the same mileposts at the same clip. However, we know this is seldom the instance. It appears, for case, that these theories were based entirely on a white, male Eurocentric theoretical account, and do non see specifically imposts from other civilizations or position. Baltes ( 1987 ) , for illustration, suggests human development is multidimensional, affecting biological, cognitive and societal dimensions, and multidirectional, non to be viewed as a individual fixed path which represents the norm, but as periods of changing growing and differing waies. Bowlby differs from Freud in that he saw an fond regard between kid, and female parent or primary attachment figure ( which may differ harmonizing to the societal and cultural background of household ) , as an indispensable demand in itself and non merely to run into basic demands, such as, nutrient and sex: Mother love in babyhood and childhood is as of import for mental wellness as are vitamins and proteins for physical wellness ( Bowlby, 1953 ) . Attachment theoreticians maintain that the manner we relate to other people through our lives is influenced significantly by our first relationship with our female parent or primary attachment figure ( Howe, 1995 ; Howe et Al, 1999 ) . They suggest, like Erikson and Freud, that many jobs in adulthood root from unsolved issues in these early fond regard relationships and these early relationships can determine an adults ability to organize relationships, to parent, to cover with loss, and influence mental wellness in maturity ( Bowlby, 1 990 ) . While accepting much of his work, critics of Bowlby claim he placed excessively much accent on the child/mother relationship and suggest kids may organize several fond regards which can be every bit of import ( Rutter, 1981 ; Fahlberg 1991 ) . However, kids who experience injuries are sometimes unable to come on without quashing or shuting down portion of their witting consciousness of these events. We can conceive of Jake necessitating to close out his experiences of childhood disregard and, harmonizing to Freud, automatically and unconsciously quash the events of disregard and maltreatment. We can see how barricading out these unsolved issues could emerge in the signifier of depression at some point in the hereafter. There is grounds of the societal beginnings of depression in adult females, proposing that specific life events, losingss and major long term jobs, such as childhood maltreatment, are important causes of depression ( Brown A ; Harris, 1978 ) . I feel that thi s best reflects Maggie s current state of affairs. We can conceive of Jake sing a sense of loss or maternal want ( Crawford A ; Walker, 2003 ) when faced with his female parent s depression. This is a common emotional reaction in carers of grownups with depression, the apparently most cardinal and common experience was the feeling that the individual they had known who had become sick had gone off: they had become person elseaˆÂ ¦there is the loss of the individual that was, and secondly, and more complexly, there is the experience of the loss of the old possibilities ( Jones, 1996: 98-99 ) . Although Maggie may hold experienced depression continuously before Jake s birth, it is more likely that she had periods of reprieve when her capacity for emotional heat and heed to her boy s demands was greater than during times of backsliding. The difference in the consistence and strength of a kid s attachment relationships is considered an of import factor by a figure of attachment theoreticians ( Ainsworth, 1973 ) . The theories of human growing and development discussed above suggest that Jake s experience of maltreatment as a kid may forestall him from developing into a mentally healthy grownup. He may hold automatically and unconsciously repressed the injury of these events, merely to see the mental hurt of depression in the hereafter. Jake may hold experienced physical maltreatment from an early age and failed to successfully accomplish a sense of trust or liberty or develop a capacity for enterprise while turning up. Even comparatively short periods of physical maltreatment at important phases may hold placed terrible force per unit areas on his relationship with his female parent. Jake may hold merely known his female parent as down, but their relationship may hold determined Jake s future capacity to organize relationships, for case, with surrogate carer s or at school with friends and instructors. The method of intercession in Jake s life could be usefully informed by research that links mental hurt with experiences of impotence. It has been suggested that mental hurt may be seen as utmost internalizations of impotence puting a paralysing power both over those who may see such signifiers of hurt, and those who portion their lives ( Tew, 2005: 72 ) . Using societal theoretical accounts, Tew suggests two complementary ways to understand mental hurt, internalization or moving out of nerve-racking societal experiences and a header or survival strategyaˆÂ ¦to trade with peculiar painful or nerve-racking experiences ( Tew, 2005: 20 ) . A individual s mental wellness demands may, to a certain extent, be determined by their rank of certain societal groups that experience systematic subjugation ( Fernando, 1995 ; Gomm, 1996 ) . Oppression, exclusion and impotence are the cardinal subjects of many societal theoretical accounts of mental wellness demands, related to structural inequalities in footings of age, gender, race and category and so on, and affecting households in footings of maltreatment. As societal workers we occupy a comparatively powerful place and may conspire with the systematic subjugation of black people with mental wellness demands: Factors such as subjugation, unfairness, societal exclusion or maltreatment at the custodies of powerful others may be implicated in the sequences of events that lead up to many people s experiences of mental and emotional dislocation. Power issues may besides determine the reactions that people receive from professionals and the wider community-for illustration, grounds suggests that African-Caribbean people may be more likely than many white groups to be dealt with more coercively ( Tew, 2005: 71 ) . When coming to a phase where we may be better able to understand Jake s current fortunes and doing initial judgements about the type of intercession most effectual in this instance, we need to recognize the restrictions of our penetrations and avoid the booby traps of doing noncritical premises. Tew suggests that authorization can be an built-in portion in the procedure of Jake s recovery. He outlines a theoretical account of power in footings of protection and co-operation and oppressive and conniving: In its more negative signifiers ( oppressive or conniving power ) it may be seen to play a function in building societal state of affairss which contribute to straiten or breakdownaˆÂ ¦in its more positive signifiers ( protective or co-operative power ) it starts to specify the district for effectual partnership working, anti-oppressive pattern and the enabling of recovery and societal inclusion ( Tew, 2005, p. 86 ) . Harmonizing to the psychodynamic theoretical account of human growing, Jake may hold grown up with many intra-psychic struggles which may be emerging in the signifier of a neurotic or reactive depression. He may hold many witting and unconscious demands which she has suppressed and repressed. In denying and barricading out the fulfillment of these demands, he may hold shut down countries of his consciousness which allows him to: experience emotion ; interact with others in a self-generated manner ; or see carry throughing close and intimate relationships with carer and their partner. Depending on the extent of physical maltreatment he encountered during his upbringing, it would be sensible to presume that he may hold been wholly or partially unsuccessful in: accomplishing a capacity for trust with his parent ; accomplishing liberty ; or developing a capacity for taking inaugural, as described in Erikson s psychosocial theoretical account. For these grounds, it seems likely he will h old failed to keep a healthy, consistent and sustained relationship with his female parent or other primary attachment figure in the opprobrious state of affairs he found himself. Intervention must take to turn to issues of power and impotence, both in the Foster carer/child relationship and outside it. As a adult male, as a individual with mental wellness demands, and as a member of a black or minority cultural group, Jake may see subjugation, maltreatment and societal exclusion. To turn to these issues elements of authorization and partnership should be portion of the attack with an intercession designed to turn to Jake s mental wellness demands should affect edifice on his attempts to accomplish his ain full potency. This will include his ability to organize and keep healthy relationships with others, that would decrease any dependance on formal bureaus and develop an alternate beginning of positive support and increase societal inclusion.

English Tongue Twisters for ESL Students

English Tongue Twisters for ESL Students Tongue twisters are short, memorable lines that are difficult to pronounce, especially rapidly, because of alliteration or a slight variation of consonant sounds, and are especially useful in pronunciation when focusing on related phonemes, or sounds. In other words, there are several s sounds such as sh, z and tch, and a tongue twister focuses on the minor changes in the mouth required to move between these sounds. By changing back and forth a number of times to the different sounds, students can improve their knowledge of the specific physical movements required for that particular phoneme set. Learning a tongue twister employs musical intelligence, which is one of the multiple intelligences of learners. Another example of this type of learning includes grammar chants. These types of exercises  build up muscle memory related to speech, making it easier to recall later. Fun but Not Necessarily Accurate Tongue twisters are lots of fun, but they often dont make much sense, so its important to warn students before introducing them to tongue twisters that theyre not meant to be learning guides for using proper grammar. Rather, they should be used for exercising pronunciation muscles. For instance, in the old nursery rhyme tongue twister called Peter Piper, the content of the story may make sense in terms of narrative, but the phrase Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, doesnt actually work because you cannot pick already pickled peppers. Similarly, in Woodchuck, the speaker asks how much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood, which would make sense if only woodchucks didnt chuck wood with their teeth. For this reason, when introducing an ESL student to English tongue twisters, its doubly important to go over what the limericks mean in the context of the piece as well as in the context of the words on their own, paying special attention to common idioms that dont make sense when directly translated to a foreign language. Practice Makes Perfect A very large part of understanding how to speak a foreign language properly comes in understanding how the muscles of the mouth are meant to move to elicit certain  sounds and pronunciations- thats why tongue twisters are so handy in teaching ESL students to speak English correctly and quickly. Because tongue twisters consists of so many slight variations on the same sound, all of which are used colloquially in American English, the ESL learner is able to get a clear grasp of how pen sounds different from pin or pan, despite sharing a majority of the same letters and consonant  sounds. In the poem Sally Sells Sea Shells by the Sea Shore, for instance, the speaker is able to go through every variation of the s sound in English, learning the difference between sh and s as well as z and tch. Similarly, ​Betty Botter and A Flea and a Fly walk the speaker through all the b and f sounds.

Evaluation and Judgment using Internal and External Evidences Essay

Evaluation and Judgment using Internal and External Evidences - Essay Example The evidence based decision making process can also be applied in other clinical processes especially by clinical experts towards improving the output services provided to the patients and also to improve relevant policy making processes that are effected by national and local government legislators in conjunction with health administrators (Wolberg, 1995). Nonetheless, the evidence based decision making process to addressed in this essay are those that involve patient diagnostic health concerns towards improving then health status of the involved patient. In the evidence based evaluation of the medical conditions of a patient, the doctor or involved practitioner is required to adopt both internal and external evidence based examinations. The internal evidence are usually based on the knowledge acquired from formal education experiences and trainings with accumulated practice experience obtained from daily practices and or specific experience individually gained from clinical patient relationship (Wolberg, 1995). In other words, the internal experiences in any practice or profession are those experience gained from educational and work backgrounds. On the other hand, external evidences are the knowledge acquired through extensive research on a particular field of interest. Nonetheless, both internal and external evidences should be examined critically towards evaluating patients’ medical conditions none of which quality medication may be difficult to come by from such evaluations (Wolberg, 1995). Additionally, determination and application of relevant methods of evaluation is vital towards effective judgment. All the issues affecting a patient must be examined closely from multiple sources. It is worth noting effective evidence based decision making in the medical practice can only be achieved through sound application of both internal and external evidence based decisions. In examining patients, the only sure ways of determining their medical conditions may be either asking questions or conducting diagnostic tests on them. The interviews aimed at determining medical conditions are usually structured and aim at determining health problems that the patient is undergoing. Notably, only with internal evidence that a doctor or involved practitioners can related to the answers provided by the patient to the actual medical condition the patient; otherwise, wrong decisions that may further affect the patient’s medical condition may emerge from such evidence based evaluations. Additionally, from the same interviews, the involved medical practitioner may use the information provided by the patient through answering questions and link them such answers with internal evidence and arrive at an amicable medical report (Wolberg, 1995). Medical conditions of similar characteristics usually related to nearly the same medical condition. However, if the doctor or the involved medical practitioner has some slightest doubt, he or she may embark on additional examination to ascertain his or her doubts. In essence, in the evidence based examinations, doctors among other medical practitioners must find the finest and relevant as well as accurate information towards arriving at the conclusive judgments. The other sure way of ascertaining t he medical conditions or evidences that are provided by the patient in an interview is conducting medical testing (Wolberg, 1995). Medical testing also requires interval evidence practice experience; otherwise, wrong result may be reported from the test. Therefore, doctors among